“Heroes” and “Villains” of World History across Cultures
Identifieur interne : 002619 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002618; suivant : 002620“Heroes” and “Villains” of World History across Cultures
Auteurs : Katja Hanke [Allemagne] ; James H. Liu [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Chris G. Sibley [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Dario Paez [Espagne] ; Stanley O. Gaines [Royaume-Uni] ; Gail Moloney [Australie] ; Chan-Hoong Leong [Singapour] ; Wolfgang Wagner [Autriche] ; Laurent Licata [Belgique] ; Olivier Klein [Belgique] ; Ilya Garber [Russie] ; Gisela Böhm [Norvège] ; Denis J. Hilton [France] ; Velichko Valchev [Pays-Bas] ; Sammyh S. Khan [Royaume-Uni] ; Rosa Cabecinhas [Portugal]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- psychologie : Étudiants.
- Culture (sociologie), Histoire, Internationalité, Personnes célèbres, Religion, Universités.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- psychology : Students.
- Culture, Famous Persons, History, Internationality, Religion, Universities.
Abstract
Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115641
PubMed: 25651504
PubMed Central: 4317187
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Belgique, Espagne, France, Norvège, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Russie, Singapour
- Angleterre, Brême (Land), Grand Londres, Midi-Pyrénées, Occitanie (région administrative), Région Nord (Portugal), Région de Bruxelles-Capitale
- Braga, Bruxelles, Brême, Londres, Toulouse
- Université du Minho, Université libre de Bruxelles
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Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, Wellington, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, Chris G" sort="Sibley, Chris G" uniqKey="Sibley C" first="Chris G." last="Sibley">Chris G. Sibley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>University of Auckland, School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Auckland, School of Psychology, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paez, Dario" sort="Paez, Dario" uniqKey="Paez D" first="Dario" last="Paez">Dario Paez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>University of the Basque Country, School of Psychology, San Sebastián, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of the Basque Country, School of Psychology, San Sebastián</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Sebastián</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaines, Stanley O" sort="Gaines, Stanley O" uniqKey="Gaines S" first="Stanley O." last="Gaines">Stanley O. Gaines</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Brunel University, School of Social Sciences, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brunel University, School of Social Sciences, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moloney, Gail" sort="Moloney, Gail" uniqKey="Moloney G" first="Gail" last="Moloney">Gail Moloney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Southern Cross University, Department of Psychology, Lismore, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Cross University, Department of Psychology, Lismore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lismore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leong, Chan Hoong" sort="Leong, Chan Hoong" uniqKey="Leong C" first="Chan-Hoong" last="Leong">Chan-Hoong Leong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>National Singapore University, Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Singapore University, Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Singapore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Johannes Kepler University, Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Linz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannes Kepler University, Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Linz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Linz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Licata, Laurent" sort="Licata, Laurent" uniqKey="Licata L" first="Laurent" last="Licata">Laurent Licata</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Olivier" sort="Klein, Olivier" uniqKey="Klein O" first="Olivier" last="Klein">Olivier Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garber, Ilya" sort="Garber, Ilya" uniqKey="Garber I" first="Ilya" last="Garber">Ilya Garber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Saratov State University, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education, Saratov, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Saratov State University, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education, Saratov</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Saratov</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bohm, Gisela" sort="Bohm, Gisela" uniqKey="Bohm G" first="Gisela" last="Böhm">Gisela Böhm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Bergen, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Bergen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hilton, Denis J" sort="Hilton, Denis J" uniqKey="Hilton D" first="Denis J." last="Hilton">Denis J. Hilton</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>University of Toulouse II, Cognition, Langues, Langage et Ergonomie, Toulouse, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toulouse II, Cognition, Langues, Langage et Ergonomie, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valchev, Velichko" sort="Valchev, Velichko" uniqKey="Valchev V" first="Velichko" last="Valchev">Velichko Valchev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>Tilburg University, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg, Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Tilburg University, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tilburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Sammyh S" sort="Khan, Sammyh S" uniqKey="Khan S" first="Sammyh S." last="Khan">Sammyh S. Khan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>University of Exeter, Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Exeter, Medical School, Exeter</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Exeter</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabecinhas, Rosa" sort="Cabecinhas, Rosa" uniqKey="Cabecinhas R" first="Rosa" last="Cabecinhas">Rosa Cabecinhas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>University of Minho, Institute of Social Sciences, Braga, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Minho, Institute of Social Sciences, Braga</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Minho</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Braga</settlement><region>Région Nord (Portugal)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Culture</term><term>Famous Persons</term><term>History</term><term>Internationality</term><term>Religion</term><term>Students (psychology)</term><term>Universities</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Culture (sociologie)</term><term>Histoire</term><term>Internationalité</term><term>Personnes célèbres</term><term>Religion</term><term>Universités</term><term>Étudiants (psychologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Étudiants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Students</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Culture</term><term>Famous Persons</term><term>History</term><term>Internationality</term><term>Religion</term><term>Universities</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Culture (sociologie)</term><term>Histoire</term><term>Internationalité</term><term>Personnes célèbres</term><term>Religion</term><term>Universités</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ritzer, G" uniqKey="Ritzer G">G Ritzer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burke, E" uniqKey="Burke E">E Burke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hilton, Dj" uniqKey="Hilton D">DJ Hilton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jh" uniqKey="Liu J">JH Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sorrentino, R" uniqKey="Sorrentino R">R Sorrentino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaguchi, S" uniqKey="Yamaguchi S">S Yamaguchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jh" uniqKey="Liu J">JH Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hilton, Dj" uniqKey="Hilton D">DJ 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name="Allemagne"><region name="Brême (Land)"><name sortKey="Hanke, Katja" sort="Hanke, Katja" uniqKey="Hanke K" first="Katja" last="Hanke">Katja Hanke</name></region></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liu, James H" sort="Liu, James H" uniqKey="Liu J" first="James H." last="Liu">James H. Liu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Sibley, Chris G" sort="Sibley, Chris G" uniqKey="Sibley C" first="Chris G." last="Sibley">Chris G. Sibley</name></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Paez, Dario" sort="Paez, Dario" uniqKey="Paez D" first="Dario" last="Paez">Dario Paez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Gaines, Stanley O" sort="Gaines, Stanley O" uniqKey="Gaines S" first="Stanley O." last="Gaines">Stanley O. Gaines</name></region><name sortKey="Khan, Sammyh S" sort="Khan, Sammyh S" uniqKey="Khan S" first="Sammyh S." last="Khan">Sammyh S. Khan</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Moloney, Gail" sort="Moloney, Gail" uniqKey="Moloney G" first="Gail" last="Moloney">Gail Moloney</name></noRegion></country><country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Leong, Chan Hoong" sort="Leong, Chan Hoong" uniqKey="Leong C" first="Chan-Hoong" last="Leong">Chan-Hoong Leong</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name></noRegion></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale"><name sortKey="Licata, Laurent" sort="Licata, Laurent" uniqKey="Licata L" first="Laurent" last="Licata">Laurent Licata</name></region><name sortKey="Klein, Olivier" sort="Klein, Olivier" uniqKey="Klein O" first="Olivier" last="Klein">Olivier Klein</name></country><country name="Russie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Garber, Ilya" sort="Garber, Ilya" uniqKey="Garber I" first="Ilya" last="Garber">Ilya Garber</name></noRegion></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bohm, Gisela" sort="Bohm, Gisela" uniqKey="Bohm G" first="Gisela" last="Böhm">Gisela Böhm</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Hilton, Denis J" sort="Hilton, Denis J" uniqKey="Hilton D" first="Denis J." last="Hilton">Denis J. Hilton</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Valchev, Velichko" sort="Valchev, Velichko" uniqKey="Valchev V" first="Velichko" last="Valchev">Velichko Valchev</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><region name="Région Nord (Portugal)"><name sortKey="Cabecinhas, Rosa" sort="Cabecinhas, Rosa" uniqKey="Cabecinhas R" first="Rosa" last="Cabecinhas">Rosa Cabecinhas</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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